Haemorrhoids: The Symptoms & How to Treat Them

Haemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. When the walls of these blood vessels stretch, they can become irritated. Haemorrhoids may be a common condition, but they can cause significant discomfort and often sharp and persistent pain.

Understanding the symptoms and knowing how to treat and prevent them can make dealing with haemorrhoids much easier.

What are the Symptoms of Haemorrhoids?

Haemorrhoids can be internal or external, and each type presents different symptoms.

Internal haemorrhoids are located inside the rectum. They are usually painless but can cause bleeding during bowel movements. After passing motion, you might notice small amounts of bright red blood on your toilet tissue or in the toilet bowl. This bleeding is usually not severe and stops on its own, but can be alarming. In some cases, internal haemorrhoids can end up protruding outside the anus. This is known as prolapsed haemorrhoids. This form of haemorrhoids can be painful and cause irritation. While prolapsed haemorrhoids may retract on their own, it is likely that they may need to be gently pushed back into place.

On the other hand, external haemorrhoids are found under the skin around the anus, and tend to be visible upon examination. They can cause itching, swelling, and pain. Sometimes, blood can pool in an external hemorrhoid and form a clot (also known as thrombus), leading to severe pain, swelling, inflammation, and a hard lump near your anus. A thrombosed hemorrhoid can be exceptionally painful, and can make it difficult to even sit or walk comfortably.

In addition to these primary symptoms, you might also experience a sensation of fullness, or the feeling that you still need to pass stool even after having a bowel movement. This can be particularly common with internal haemorrhoids. Some people may also experience mucus discharge from the anus, which can cause additional irritation and discomfort.

Haemorrhoids can vary in size, from small, pea-sized swellings to larger, more prominent lumps. The severity of symptoms often depends on the size and location of the haemorrhoids. While small haemorrhoids might cause only mild discomfort, larger ones can lead to significant pain and difficulty with bowel movements.

It's important to note that while these symptoms can indicate haemorrhoids, they can also be associated with other medical conditions, such as anal fissures or colorectal cancer. If you experience persistent or severe symptoms, it's essential to consult with a specialist to get a proper diagnosis and begin a treatment plan if needed.

Can You Treat Haemorrhoids?

Yes, haemorrhoids can be treated. Treatment often depends on the severity of your symptoms. Many cases of haemorrhoids can be managed with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter treatments. However, in more severe cases, medical procedures may be necessary to provide relief.

Ways to Treat Haemorrhoids

There are several effective ways to treat haemorrhoids, ranging from simple at-home remedies to medical procedures. Here are some of the most common treatments:

Hemorrhoid Creams

Over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams and ointments can provide immediate relief from the discomfort caused by haemorrhoids. These topical treatments often contain ingredients like hydrocortisone, which can reduce inflammation and itching. 

Applying these creams directly to the affected area can help soothe irritation and shrink the haemorrhoids. It's important to follow the instructions on the packaging and consult with a colorectal doctor if you have any concerns about using these products.

Rubber Band Ligation

The rubber band ligation is a minimally invasive procedure often used to treat internal haemorrhoids. During this procedure, a doctor places a small rubber band around the base of the hemorrhoid. This band cuts off the blood supply to the hemorrhoid, causing it to wither and fall off within a few days. 

This procedure is typically performed in a doctor's office and requires no special preparation. Most people experience minimal discomfort during and after the procedure, although some may feel a sensation of fullness or pressure.

Hemorrhoidectomy

For severe or persistent haemorrhoids, a hemorrhoidectomy may be necessary. This surgical procedure involves removing the hemorrhoid tissue. It's typically performed under general or local anaesthesia and requires a short recovery period. 

While a hemorrhoidectomy is highly effective at treating haemorrhoids, it is often associated with pain and discomfort during the recovery phase. However, the longer term benefits of a hemorrhoidectomy often outweigh the temporary discomfort, especially for those with severe symptoms.

How to Prevent Haemorrhoids

Prevention is always better than cure. By making some simple lifestyle changes and practising good hygiene, you can reduce your risk of developing haemorrhoids.

Lifestyle Changes

One of the most effective ways to prevent haemorrhoids is to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle. Eating a diet high in fibre can help keep your stools soft and regular, reducing the strain on your rectum and anus during bowel movements. Foods rich in fibre include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Drinking plenty of water is also crucial, as it helps to keep your stools soft and easier to pass.

Regular physical activity can also help prevent haemorrhoids. Exercise promotes healthy bowel movements and reduces pressure on the veins in your rectum and anus. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week. On top of that, avoiding prolonged periods of sitting or standing can also help reduce pressure on your lower body. One way to sit less is to use a standing desk at home or at the office to reduce the pressure on your lower body.

Practise Good Hygiene

Good hygiene practices can go a long way in preventing haemorrhoids. After a bowel movement, gently clean the area around your anus with water or moist toilet wipes. Avoid using dry toilet paper, which can cause irritation. It's also important to avoid straining during bowel movements. Take your time and don't force the stool out by straining. If you have trouble passing stools, consider using a stool softener or taking a fibre supplement.

Keeping the anal area clean and dry can also help prevent irritation and the development of haemorrhoids. Wearing loose, breathable clothing and cotton underwear can reduce moisture and allow the area to stay dry.

Incorporating these preventive measures into your daily routine can significantly reduce your risk of developing haemorrhoids. If you do experience symptoms, early treatment can help manage discomfort and prevent more serious complications.

Looking for a clinic specialising in haemorrhoid removal?

While haemorrhoids can be uncomfortable and sometimes painful, they are a common condition that can be effectively treated and prevented. Having a specialist with you to assess, diagnose and treat haemorrhoids can help you to manage and reduce the impact of haemorrhoids on your daily life.

The Colorectal Clinic focuses on providing specialist care for colorectal conditions in Singapore. Your colorectal health is our priority. If you are looking for haemorrhoid treatment, including surgery, you should contact us today.